ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES: LEVERAGING BIO-NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR EFFICIENT CONTAMINANT REMOVAL AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The essential challenge facing humanity during the twenty-first century centers on providing adequate amounts of economical and clean water for everyone. The situation grows worse because population has increased while water quality has declined alongside changing climate conditions. Nanotechnology acts as a fundamental technology enabler in integrated water operations by raising system effectiveness and permitting new water extraction methods from unconventional reserves. Nanotechnology enhances global drinking water supplies by developing innovative nanomaterials which treat surface water and groundwater and contaminated wastewater with dangerous inorganic and organic substances and harmful microorganisms and metal ions. Nanotechnology breakthroughs addressed crucial challenges within engineering physics and chemistry and other fields. The current wastewater treatment industry depends heavily on multiple products and processes derived from nanotechnology research including nano adsorbents, nano zero-valent iron, nano biocides, nanofiltration and magnetic nanoparticles and hybrid systems for wet air oxidation with nanoparticles. The review investigates recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology because it focuses on effective hazardous waste management through cost-efficient and energy-saving solutions. Different sectors including science research and healthcare along with food production have recognized both the rising value of nanotechnology and peculiar properties of nanobubbles.